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If a person is deficient due to insufficient B12, they may need to organize their diet to include more B12-rich foods or take an oral supplement

For patients seeking an acute intervention, whether for cognitive clarity, post-illness recovery, or performance enhancement, the IV route offers distinct advantages

Hawksworth and Lcking, 2017)

[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 149.Wang F., Zhang Q., Cui J., Bao B., Deng X., Liu L., Guo M

Additionally, bloodbrain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, observed through increased permeability and leakage of inflammatory mediators into the brain, further enhances neuroinflammation and neuronal vulnerability [21]

Zhang Y, Cai X, Chai N, Gu Y, Zhang S, Ding M, et al